Virtues in Sangam Literature

Virtue is derived conceptually and is changeable according to the change of time. Moral values are different for man who lived as an ethnic group and for an individualistic society. This article shows up how the virtues mentioned in Sangam literary songs new shape for the sake of necessity. A materialistic society constructs virtue according to the occupation, materials, eligibility etc. A man accepts and reject a thing based on his knowledge of virtue. In the struggle for life, the commonality has been distorted based on the ideas of labor and surplus. This article describes the virtues of war, which are intended to destroy the generality and about the government virtues that emphasize power

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Blood Glucose Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a prothrombotic, pro atherosclerotic and pro inflammatory condition with high association for morbidity and mortality. Vascular damage caused by endothelial cells can be influenced by hyperglycaemia, increased free fatty acids, altered lipoproteins, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio NLR is novel marker of subclinical inflammation. The purpose of this study to prove significant relation between neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, hyperglycemia and glycosylated haemoglobin . AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To study Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Blood Glucose regulation in type 2 Diabetes. Method: In this study, 100 Type 2 Diabetic patients from outpatient and inpatient ward were selected .After obtaining consent, history and detailed examination done. Blood sample for NLR, Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, HbA1c, Post prandial blood were collected. Patient aged 30 & above and below 70 were included. Chronic inflammatory and acute infections were excluded. RESULTS: There is significant increased Glycosylated hemoglobin with increase in NLR ratio in our study subjects especially in > 9% category. In other words high Glycated hemoglobin was 1.25 times more in patients with NLR > 2 compared to those with NLR 2 and Blood glucose. CONCLUSION: NLR, a simple inexpensive inflammatory marker in Type 2 Diabetes and significant association between increased NLR and Uncontrolled HbA1 concluded

Towards Interpretable Explanations for Transfer Learning in Sequential Tasks

People increasingly rely on machine learning (ML) to make intelligent decisions. However, the ML results are often difficult to interpret and the algorithms do not support interaction to solicit clarification or explanation. In this paper, we highlight an emerging research area of interpretable explanations for transfer learning in sequential tasks, in which an agent must explain how it learns a new task given prior, common knowledge. The goal is to enhance a user’s ability to trust and use the system output and to enable iterative feedback for improving the system. We review prior work in probabilistic systems, sequential decision-making, interpretable explanations, transfer learning, and interactive machine learning, and identify an intersection that deserves further research focus. We believe that developing adaptive, transparent learning models will build the foundation for better human-machine systems in applications for elder care, education, and health care

A NOVEL STABILITY-INDICATING REVERSE PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF METFORMIN AND TENELIGLIPTIN IN PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Objective: The present method was proposed to develop a simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate and stability-indicating reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of metformin and teneligliptin in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: The chromatographic separation was done on Discovery [250 mm X 4.6 mm: 5 μm is particle size] using a mobile phase composed of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid buffer: acetonitrile [65:35, v/v], the flow rate is 1 ml/min and the detection was carried out with a photodiode array (PDA) at 260 nm.Results: The retention time of metformin and teneligliptin were found to be 2.517 min and 3.687 min, respectively. Stability indicating studies were conducted under the guidelines of an international conference on harmonization [ICH] Q1A R2 and the developed method was validated as per the guidelines of ICH Q2 R1. The linearity was found in the range of concentration of 125-750 μg/ml and 5-30 μg/ml for metformin and teneligliptin. The lower limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.02μg/ml and 0.07 μg/ml for metformin and 0.19 μg/ml and 0.56 μg/ml for teneligliptin, respectively.Conclusion: A novel stability-indicating reverse phase liquid chromatographic method developed for the simultaneous estimation of metformin and teneligliptin. The proposed method was adopted for the routine estimation of metformin and teneligliptin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms

OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON POISON CASES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and cause of poisoning. To characterize the poisoning cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital; followed by the outcome and to observe the antidote given for the poison cases. Methods: This observational study was undertaken in emergency departments (EMD) and Medical Record Department (MRD). Totally 557 poison cases was recruited in this study. Grade of poison was assessed by using poison severity score. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: A total of 557 poison cases were identified in 2, 39, 828 patients out of which 360(64%) were suicidal and 189(34) cases admitted were accidental. The patients who were admitted between 2-5 h after exposed to poison were found to be more followed by 0-1 hr,>1-2 h,>6-24 h,>24 h and>5-6 h. More number of cases were seen in the others (Synthetic cow dung powder and medicine) type of poison 296(53%) followed by household poisoning 93(17%), bites 86 (15%), insecticide poisoning 64(12%) and food poisoning 16(3%). Activated charcoal was the maximum used antidote. Conclusion: Through this study, it was found that suicidal poisoning was the most common type

Synthesis and solution properties of comblike polymers from octadecyl methacrylate and acrylic acid

Amphiphilic polymers consisting of a statistical distribution of octadecyl methacrylate (ODMA) and acrylic acid in respective molar ratios of 83-22 and 17-78 mol% and in a molecular-weight range of 2.35-4.70×104 gmol-1 have been synthesized. The series of polymers consisting of various mole fractions of ODMA and acrylic acid are expected to exhibit unique characteristics resembling ionomer to hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes. The changes in the I3/I1 emission intensity ratios of pyrene, occurring in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions of the polymers have been taken as the main basis for inferring solution structures. The polymers are found to form random-coil to collapsed-coil/aggregated structures in THF solvent depending on the copolymer compositions. The polymer consisting of 83 mol% ODMA and 17 mol% acrylic acid behaves as an ionomer, capable of forming collapsed-coil structures at concentrations of 0.02 gml-1 and above as shown by a very high I3/I1 of 1.20 (I3/I1 of pyrene in THF is 0.85). In contrast, the poly(octadecyl methacrylate) homopolymer and the sets of copolymers consisting of a very high proportion of acrylic acid to an extent of 73 mol% and above contribute to almost negligible or very small changes in I3/I1 similar to the homopolymer, poly(octadecyl methacrylate), suggesting the formation of random-coil structures